Cartographic Rules and Differences in Nautical Data Visualization on Paper and Electronic Nautical Charts
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper aims to present cartographic rules for the production of paper and electronic navigational charts and main differences in compilation, visualisation and representation of nautical information. Major differences between paper nautical charts and ENC are visualisation of nautical data: colour mixing, resolution of represented nautical objects, human control of display representation and fonts and signatures and chart content are described. It is concluded that electronic navigational charts have many advantages and few shortcomings to paper navigational charts.
منابع مشابه
A Conceptual Model for Submarine Feature Description and Generalisation in Nautical Chart Production
Background: Nautical chart is a kind of map used to describe the seafloor morphology and shoreline of adjacent land. The principle purpose of nautical chart is to provide necessary information to ensure safety and efficiency of navigation [1]. As a consequence, construction of a nautical chart follows very specific rules. On one hand, the depth indicated at a point of the map must never be deep...
متن کاملExtension of Sea Charts for 3d Visualization
This paper presents the extension of Electronic Navigational Charts (IHO-2) for sea charts for the usage of 3D visualizations. If 2D chart data is used to build up an interactive 3D scene, the change of the perspective leads to over-crowded displays and many occlusions. We developed a data management concept by defining a hierarchical topology and semantic groupings within the 2D chart data. Th...
متن کاملImage Construction Rules for Visualizing the Non - Visual Managerial Data
Data representations and their impact on decision making performance have been a subject of Information Systems research for a long time [Benbasat et al. 86, DeSanctis 84, DeSanctis & Jarvenpaa 89, Vessey 91]. The graphical representations in most studies in this area are common business charts, such as pie, line, bar, among others. These charts are not necessarily designed to support any speci...
متن کاملSentence Ordering in Electronic Navigational Chart Companion Text Generation
We present the sentence ordering part of a natural language generation module, used in the framework of a knowledge base of electronic navigation charts and sailing directions. The particularity of the knowledge base is that it is based on a controlled hybrid language, that is the combination of a controlled natural language and a controlled visual language. The sentence ordering process is abl...
متن کاملThe objectives of the U.S. Exploring Expedition's circumnavigation (1838-1842): longitude, nautical charting and the establishment of modern geographic coordinates.
This article analyzes the main objectives of the scientific voyage to circumnavigate the earth, undertaken by the United States from 1838 to 1842. Charting was one of the most important of the scientific and strategic goals of the exploratory voyage. The initiative for the undertaking was the search for exact positioning on the high seas after the establishment of the longitude system, when nau...
متن کامل